Physicochemical and microbial analysis of feces from horses fed diets containing citrus pulp.

This study aimed to evaluate the e ect of diets containing increasing levels of citrus pulp on the physic-chemical and microbiological characteristics of horses feces. Five mares, at an average age of 3.5 years old and body weight of 492 ± 44.5 kg were arranged in a 5 x 5 Latin Square. The experimental diet consisted of 60% coast-cross hay and 40 % of concentrate with increasing levels of citrus pulp (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 %). To determine the fecal pH, samples were collected directly from the oor, immediately after defecation, in the rst feces the day at 07:00 a.m., and color and fecal consistency were evaluated. For microbiological analysis, an aliquot was reserved in plastic bags, frozen, and sent to the microbiological laboratory for further analysis. Lactic acid bacteria were counted for Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. from fecal samples under anaerobic conditions. The diet produced di erences (P<0.05) in feces consistency 98% had normal and rm stools, while 2% had loose ruminant-type feces. We observed no di erence (P<0.05) for color, verifying 100% of greenish feces, normal for equines. There was no e ect (P>0.05) on pH and on the number of Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. The inclusion of up to 28% citrus pulp concentrates for horses did not promote change in the physio-chemical characteristics and on the population of lactic acid-producing bacteria in feces.

Efeito do teor proteico da dieta na digestibilidade da bolota em porcos alentejanos

O objectivo do presente ensaio é avaliar o efeito do teor proteico da dieta na digestibilidade da bolota em porcos Alentejanos. Para tal, nove animais foram seccionados e colocados em caixas metabólicas onde as dietas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente, segundo o Modelo de Quadrado Latino 3 x 3. O ensaio in vivo foi assim dividido em três períodos, durante os quais se recolheram amostras de alimento, refugos fezes e urina para posterior análise em laboratório. Foi determinada a composição química do alimento e calculada a digestibilidade e balanço de azoto dos três tratamentos. Também foi determinado o conteúdo em compostos fenólicos e taninos da bolota pelo método do Folin­ Ciocalteu, taninos condensados pelo método do Butanol-HCl e a capacidade complexante dos taninos pelo método da Difusão Radial. Devido à reduzida capacidade de os taninos complexarem as proteínas e à baixa ingestão da luzerna não foi possível verificar diferenças na proteína ingerida entre os tratamentos testados. ABSTRACT; The aim of present experiment is to evaluate the effect of protein content in diet digestibility of oak acorn in Alentejano pigs. For that, nine animals were selected and housed in metabolic cages where diets were given randomly, in a Latin Square model3 x 3. The in vivo experiment was divided in three periods, during which were collected feed, refusals, feces and urine samples for subsequent laboratory analyses. Chemical feed composition was determinate and calculated the digestibility and nitrogen balance in three treatments. It was also determinate the amount of phenolic compounds and tannins on oak acorn by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, condensed tannins by Butanol-HCl assay and the availability to form complex with protein by Radial Diffusion assay. It was observed a reduced availability of tannins to bind proteins and a low Lucerne intake, so it wasn't possible to verify differences on protein intake, between tested treatments.